Don't pass empty resource to jid:make()

23 files changed, 44 insertions, 48 deletions

diff --git a/src/ejabberd_commands.erl b/src/ejabberd_commands.erl
index 9bfa94dd6..f56cfc146 100644
--- a/src/ejabberd_commands.erl
+++ b/src/ejabberd_commands.erl
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ check_access(Command, Access, Auth, CallerInfo)
        Command#ejabberd_commands.policy == user ->
     case check_auth(Command, Auth) of
 	{ok, User, Server} ->
-	    check_access2(Access, CallerInfo#{usr => jid:split(jid:make(User, Server, <<>>))}, Server);
+	    check_access2(Access, CallerInfo#{usr => jid:split(jid:make(User, Server))}, Server);
 	no_auth_provided ->
 	    case Command#ejabberd_commands.policy of
 		user ->
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ oauth_token_user(noauth) ->
 oauth_token_user(admin) ->
     undefined;
 oauth_token_user({User, Server, _, _}) ->
-    jid:make(User, Server, <<>>).
+    jid:make(User, Server).
 
 is_admin(_Name, admin, _Extra) ->
     true;
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ is_admin(_Name, Map, _extra) when is_map(Map) ->
 is_admin(Name, Auth, Extra) ->
     {ACLInfo, Server} = case Auth of
 			    {U, S, _, _} ->
-				{Extra#{usr=>jid:split(jid:make(U, S, <<>>))}, S};
+				{Extra#{usr=>jid:split(jid:make(U, S))}, S};
 			    _ ->
 				{Extra, global}
 	      end,
diff --git a/src/ejabberd_oauth.erl b/src/ejabberd_oauth.erl
index a4e8bb6ca..bda38fc07 100644
--- a/src/ejabberd_oauth.erl
+++ b/src/ejabberd_oauth.erl
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ oauth_list_tokens() ->
     Tokens = mnesia:dirty_match_object(#oauth_token{_ = '_'}),
     {MegaSecs, Secs, _MiniSecs} = os:timestamp(),
     TS = 1000000 * MegaSecs + Secs,
-    [{Token, jid:to_string(jid:make(U,S,<<>>)), Scope, integer_to_list(Expires - TS) ++ " seconds"} ||
+    [{Token, jid:to_string(jid:make(U,S)), Scope, integer_to_list(Expires - TS) ++ " seconds"} ||
         #oauth_token{token=Token, scope=Scope, us= {U,S},expire=Expires} <- Tokens].
 
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ get_client_identity(Client, Ctx) -> {ok, {Ctx, {client, Client}}}.
 verify_redirection_uri(_, _, Ctx) -> {ok, Ctx}.
 
 authenticate_user({User, Server}, Ctx) ->
-    case jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>) of
+    case jid:make(User, Server) of
         #jid{} = JID ->
             Access =
                 ejabberd_config:get_option(
diff --git a/src/ejabberd_piefxis.erl b/src/ejabberd_piefxis.erl
index 59d75ff0d..6ce8a1ae3 100644
--- a/src/ejabberd_piefxis.erl
+++ b/src/ejabberd_piefxis.erl
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ get_privacy(User, Server) ->
 
 -spec get_roster(binary(), binary()) -> [xmlel()].
 get_roster(User, Server) ->
-    JID = jid:make(User, Server, <<>>),
+    JID = jid:make(User, Server),
     case mod_roster:get_roster(User, Server) of
         [_|_] = Items ->
             Subs =
diff --git a/src/ejabberd_sm.erl b/src/ejabberd_sm.erl
index 5f7d9740c..747434405 100644
--- a/src/ejabberd_sm.erl
+++ b/src/ejabberd_sm.erl
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ bounce_offline_message(Acc) ->
 -spec disconnect_removed_user(binary(), binary()) -> ok.
 
 disconnect_removed_user(User, Server) ->
-    route(jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>), {exit, <<"User removed">>}).
+    route(jid:make(User, Server), {exit, <<"User removed">>}).
 
 get_user_resources(User, Server) ->
     LUser = jid:nodeprep(User),
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ check_max_sessions(LUser, LServer) ->
 -spec get_max_user_sessions(binary(), binary()) -> infinity | non_neg_integer().
 get_max_user_sessions(LUser, Host) ->
     case acl:match_rule(Host, max_user_sessions,
-			jid:make(LUser, Host, <<"">>))
+			jid:make(LUser, Host))
 	of
       Max when is_integer(Max) -> Max;
       infinity -> infinity;
diff --git a/src/ejabberd_web_admin.erl b/src/ejabberd_web_admin.erl
index 7ab5451c7..968a122bc 100644
--- a/src/ejabberd_web_admin.erl
+++ b/src/ejabberd_web_admin.erl
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ get_acl_rule(_RPath, 'POST') ->
 get_jid(Auth, HostHTTP, Method) ->
     case get_auth_admin(Auth, HostHTTP, [], Method) of
       {ok, {User, Server}} ->
-	  jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>);
+	  jid:make(User, Server);
       {unauthorized, Error} ->
 	  ?ERROR_MSG("Unauthorized ~p: ~p", [Auth, Error]),
 	  throw({unauthorized, Auth})
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ get_auth_account(HostOfRule, AccessRule, User, Server,
     case ejabberd_auth:check_password(User, <<"">>, Server, Pass) of
       true ->
 	  case acl:any_rules_allowed(HostOfRule, AccessRule,
-			    jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>))
+			    jid:make(User, Server))
 	      of
 	    false -> {unauthorized, <<"unprivileged-account">>};
 	    true -> {ok, {User, Server}}
diff --git a/src/jlib.erl b/src/jlib.erl
index 33fc7d6bb..227838f27 100644
--- a/src/jlib.erl
+++ b/src/jlib.erl
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ create_delay_tag(TimeStamp, FromJID, Desc) when is_tuple(FromJID) ->
 		{<<"stamp">>, Stamp}],
 	   children = Children};
 create_delay_tag(DateTime, Host, Desc) when is_binary(Host) ->
-    FromJID = jid:make(<<"">>, Host, <<"">>),
+    FromJID = jid:make(Host),
     create_delay_tag(DateTime, FromJID, Desc).
 
 -type tz() :: {binary(), {integer(), integer()}} | {integer(), integer()} | utc.
diff --git a/src/mod_admin_extra.erl b/src/mod_admin_extra.erl
index 680184e3c..3130d66c5 100644
--- a/src/mod_admin_extra.erl
+++ b/src/mod_admin_extra.erl
@@ -1418,7 +1418,7 @@ btl(B) -> binary_to_list(B).
 
 srg_get_members(Group, Host) ->
     Members = mod_shared_roster:get_group_explicit_users(Host,Group),
-    [jid:to_string(jid:make(MUser, MServer, <<>>))
+    [jid:to_string(jid:make(MUser, MServer))
      || {MUser, MServer} <- Members].
 
 srg_user_add(User, Host, Group, GroupHost) ->
diff --git a/src/mod_announce.erl b/src/mod_announce.erl
index f1da3802b..522be8936 100644
--- a/src/mod_announce.erl
+++ b/src/mod_announce.erl
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ announce_all(#message{to = To} = Packet) ->
     Local = jid:make(To#jid.server),
     lists:foreach(
       fun({User, Server}) ->
-	      Dest = jid:make(User, Server, <<>>),
+	      Dest = jid:make(User, Server),
 	      ejabberd_router:route(
 		xmpp:set_from_to(add_store_hint(Packet), Local, Dest))
       end, ejabberd_auth:get_vh_registered_users(To#jid.lserver)).
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ announce_all_hosts_all(#message{to = To} = Packet) ->
     Local = jid:make(To#jid.server),
     lists:foreach(
       fun({User, Server}) ->
-	      Dest = jid:make(User, Server, <<>>),
+	      Dest = jid:make(User, Server),
 	      ejabberd_router:route(
 		xmpp:set_from_to(add_store_hint(Packet), Local, Dest))
       end, ejabberd_auth:dirty_get_registered_users()).
diff --git a/src/mod_caps.erl b/src/mod_caps.erl
index 42a5d94df..f8c8e3a30 100644
--- a/src/mod_caps.erl
+++ b/src/mod_caps.erl
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ caps_write_fun(Host, Node, Features) ->
 
 -spec make_my_disco_hash(binary()) -> binary().
 make_my_disco_hash(Host) ->
-    JID = jid:make(<<"">>, Host, <<"">>),
+    JID = jid:make(Host),
     case {ejabberd_hooks:run_fold(disco_local_features,
 				  Host, empty, [JID, JID, <<"">>, <<"">>]),
 	  ejabberd_hooks:run_fold(disco_local_identity, Host, [],
diff --git a/src/mod_http_upload.erl b/src/mod_http_upload.erl
index 97f7c9128..88982839c 100644
--- a/src/mod_http_upload.erl
+++ b/src/mod_http_upload.erl
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ remove_user(User, Server) ->
 				      end,
 				      sha1),
     DocRoot1 = expand_host(expand_home(DocRoot), ServerHost),
-    UserStr = make_user_string(jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>), JIDinURL),
+    UserStr = make_user_string(jid:make(User, Server), JIDinURL),
     UserDir = str:join([DocRoot1, UserStr], <<$/>>),
     case del_tree(UserDir) of
 	ok ->
diff --git a/src/mod_irc_mnesia.erl b/src/mod_irc_mnesia.erl
index ecbe41bb3..25cdd6d4d 100644
--- a/src/mod_irc_mnesia.erl
+++ b/src/mod_irc_mnesia.erl
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ update_table() ->
             fun(#irc_custom{us_host = {_, H}}) -> H end,
             fun(#irc_custom{us_host = {{U, S}, H},
                             data = Data} = R) ->
-		    JID = jid:make(U, S, <<"">>),
+		    JID = jid:make(U, S),
                     R#irc_custom{us_host = {{iolist_to_binary(U),
                                              iolist_to_binary(S)},
                                             iolist_to_binary(H)},
diff --git a/src/mod_irc_sql.erl b/src/mod_irc_sql.erl
index f27b05f6c..dd419875d 100644
--- a/src/mod_irc_sql.erl
+++ b/src/mod_irc_sql.erl
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ export(_Server) ->
                             data = Data}) ->
               case str:suffix(Host, IRCHost) of
                   true ->
-                      SJID = jid:to_string(jid:make(U, S, <<"">>)),
+                      SJID = jid:to_string(jid:make(U, S)),
                       SData = jlib:term_to_expr(Data),
                       [?SQL("delete from irc_custom"
                             " where jid=%(SJID)s and host=%(IRCHost)s;"),
diff --git a/src/mod_muc_admin.erl b/src/mod_muc_admin.erl
index 21a1d90c6..714e3dd3a 100644
--- a/src/mod_muc_admin.erl
+++ b/src/mod_muc_admin.erl
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ get_room_occupants_number(Room, Host) ->
 %% http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0249.html
 
 send_direct_invitation(RoomName, RoomService, Password, Reason, UsersString) ->
-    RoomJid = jid:make(RoomName, RoomService, <<"">>),
+    RoomJid = jid:make(RoomName, RoomService),
     XmlEl = build_invitation(Password, Reason, RoomJid),
     UsersStrings = get_users_to_invite(RoomJid, UsersString),
     [send_direct_invitation(RoomJid, UserStrings, XmlEl)
diff --git a/src/mod_muc_room.erl b/src/mod_muc_room.erl
index d3984e1c6..3f3208b68 100644
--- a/src/mod_muc_room.erl
+++ b/src/mod_muc_room.erl
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ init([Host, ServerHost, Access, Room, HistorySize,
 	    #state{host = Host, server_host = ServerHost,
 		   access = Access, room = Room,
 		   history = lqueue_new(HistorySize),
-		   jid = jid:make(Room, Host, <<"">>),
+		   jid = jid:make(Room, Host),
 		   just_created = true,
 		   room_shaper = Shaper}),
     State1 = set_opts(DefRoomOpts, State),
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ init([Host, ServerHost, Access, Room, HistorySize, RoomShaper, Opts]) ->
 				  access = Access,
 				  room = Room,
 				  history = lqueue_new(HistorySize),
-				  jid = jid:make(Room, Host, <<"">>),
+				  jid = jid:make(Room, Host),
 				  room_shaper = Shaper}),
     add_to_log(room_existence, started, State),
     {ok, normal_state, State}.
diff --git a/src/mod_muc_sql.erl b/src/mod_muc_sql.erl
index f02cc77a8..d242eb9b7 100644
--- a/src/mod_muc_sql.erl
+++ b/src/mod_muc_sql.erl
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ export(_Server) ->
                                 nick = Nick}) ->
               case str:suffix(Host, RoomHost) of
                   true ->
-                      SJID = jid:to_string(jid:make(U, S, <<"">>)),
+                      SJID = jid:to_string(jid:make(U, S)),
                       [?SQL("delete from muc_registered where"
                             " jid=%(SJID)s and host=%(RoomHost)s;"),
                        ?SQL("insert into muc_registered(jid, host, "
diff --git a/src/mod_offline.erl b/src/mod_offline.erl
index f19ec1d50..0a11864db 100644
--- a/src/mod_offline.erl
+++ b/src/mod_offline.erl
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ store_offline_msg(Host, US, Msgs, Len, MaxOfflineMsgs) ->
 
 get_max_user_messages(AccessRule, {User, Server}, Host) ->
     case acl:match_rule(
-	   Host, AccessRule, jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>)) of
+	   Host, AccessRule, jid:make(User, Server)) of
 	Max when is_integer(Max) -> Max;
 	infinity -> infinity;
 	_ -> ?MAX_USER_MESSAGES
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ get_messages_subset2(Max, Length, MsgsAll) ->
     {MsgsFirstN, Msgs2} = lists:split(FirstN, MsgsAll),
     MsgsLastN = lists:nthtail(Length - FirstN - FirstN,
 			      Msgs2),
-    NoJID = jid:make(<<"...">>, <<"...">>, <<"">>),
+    NoJID = jid:make(<<"...">>, <<"...">>),
     Seq = <<"0">>,
     IntermediateMsg = #xmlel{name = <<"...">>, attrs = [],
 			     children = []},
diff --git a/src/mod_privacy.erl b/src/mod_privacy.erl
index 5aa816975..836dfe66d 100644
--- a/src/mod_privacy.erl
+++ b/src/mod_privacy.erl
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ user_receive_packet({#iq{type = set, meta = #{privacy_updated_list := New}} = IQ
 		true ->
 		     State
 	     end,
-    From = jid:make(U, S, <<"">>),
+    From = jid:make(U, S),
     To = jid:make(U, S, R),
     {xmpp:set_from_to(IQ, From, To), State1};
 user_receive_packet(Acc) ->
diff --git a/src/mod_pubsub.erl b/src/mod_pubsub.erl
index e512afa09..970ef5226 100644
--- a/src/mod_pubsub.erl
+++ b/src/mod_pubsub.erl
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ presence(ServerHost, Presence) ->
 	binary(), binary(), jid(),
 	subscribed | unsubscribed | subscribe | unsubscribe) -> boolean().
 out_subscription(User, Server, JID, subscribed) ->
-    Owner = jid:make(User, Server, <<>>),
+    Owner = jid:make(User, Server),
     {PUser, PServer, PResource} = jid:tolower(JID),
     PResources = case PResource of
 	<<>> -> user_resources(PUser, PServer);
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ out_subscription(_, _, _, _) ->
 		      subscribe | subscribed | unsubscribe | unsubscribed,
 		      binary()) -> true.
 in_subscription(_, User, Server, Owner, unsubscribed, _) ->
-    unsubscribe_user(jid:make(User, Server, <<>>), Owner),
+    unsubscribe_user(jid:make(User, Server), Owner),
     true;
 in_subscription(_, _, _, _, _, _) ->
     true.
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ unsubscribe_user(Host, Entity, Owner) ->
 remove_user(User, Server) ->
     LUser = jid:nodeprep(User),
     LServer = jid:nameprep(Server),
-    Entity = jid:make(LUser, LServer, <<>>),
+    Entity = jid:make(LUser, LServer),
     Host = host(LServer),
     HomeTreeBase = <<"/home/", LServer/binary, "/", LUser/binary>>,
     spawn(fun () ->
@@ -3023,7 +3023,7 @@ broadcast_stanza({LUser, LServer, LResource}, Publisher, Node, Nidx, Type, NodeO
 	    %% See XEP-0163 1.1 section 4.3.1
     ejabberd_sm:route(jid:make(LUser, LServer, SenderResource),
 		      {pep_message, <<((Node))/binary, "+notify">>,
-		       jid:make(LUser, LServer, <<"">>),
+		       jid:make(LUser, LServer),
 		       add_extended_headers(
 			 Stanza, extended_headers([Publisher]))});
 broadcast_stanza(Host, _Publisher, Node, Nidx, Type, NodeOptions, SubsByDepth, NotifyType, BaseStanza, SHIM) ->
diff --git a/src/mod_register.erl b/src/mod_register.erl
index 7269d21cb..3a435778f 100644
--- a/src/mod_register.erl
+++ b/src/mod_register.erl
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ try_register(User, Server, Password, SourceRaw, Lang) ->
     case jid:is_nodename(User) of
       false -> {error, xmpp:err_bad_request(<<"Malformed username">>, Lang)};
       _ ->
-	  JID = jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>),
+	  JID = jid:make(User, Server),
 	  Access = gen_mod:get_module_opt(Server, ?MODULE, access,
                                           fun(A) -> A end,
 					  all),
diff --git a/src/mod_register_web.erl b/src/mod_register_web.erl
index 237a905b7..109550475 100644
--- a/src/mod_register_web.erl
+++ b/src/mod_register_web.erl
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ process([<<"new">>],
 		 lang = Lang, host = _HTTPHost}) ->
     case form_new_post(Q) of
       {success, ok, {Username, Host, _Password}} ->
-	  Jid = jid:make(Username, Host, <<"">>),
+	  Jid = jid:make(Username, Host),
           mod_register:send_registration_notifications(?MODULE, Jid, Ip),
 	  Text = (?T(<<"Your Jabber account was successfully "
 		       "created.">>)),
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ register_account(Username, Host, Password) ->
     Access = gen_mod:get_module_opt(Host, mod_register, access,
                                     fun(A) -> A end,
                                     all),
-    case jid:make(Username, Host, <<"">>) of
+    case jid:make(Username, Host) of
       error -> {error, invalid_jid};
       JID ->
         case acl:match_rule(Host, Access, JID) of
diff --git a/src/mod_roster.erl b/src/mod_roster.erl
index 30b4269f1..c624af56d 100644
--- a/src/mod_roster.erl
+++ b/src/mod_roster.erl
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ process_subscription(Direction, User, Server, JID1,
 	    _ ->
 		ejabberd_router:route(
 		  #presence{type = AutoReply,
-			    from = jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>),
+			    from = jid:make(User, Server),
 			    to = JID1})
 	  end,
 	  case Push of
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ process_subscription(Direction, User, Server, JID1,
 		       ok;
 		   true ->
 		       push_item(User, Server,
-				 jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>), Item)
+				 jid:make(User, Server), Item)
 		end,
 		true;
 	    none -> false
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ user_roster_parse_query(User, Server, Items, Query) ->
 
 user_roster_subscribe_jid(User, Server, JID) ->
     out_subscription(User, Server, JID, subscribe),
-    UJID = jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>),
+    UJID = jid:make(User, Server),
     ejabberd_router:route(#presence{from = UJID, to = JID, type = subscribe}).
 
 user_roster_item_parse_query(User, Server, Items,
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ user_roster_item_parse_query(User, Server, Items,
 				JID1 = jid:make(JID),
 				out_subscription(User, Server, JID1,
 						 subscribed),
-				UJID = jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>),
+				UJID = jid:make(User, Server),
 				ejabberd_router:route(
 				  #presence{from = UJID, to = JID1,
 					    type = subscribed}),
diff --git a/src/mod_shared_roster.erl b/src/mod_shared_roster.erl
index 7929b21ab..5d3983361 100644
--- a/src/mod_shared_roster.erl
+++ b/src/mod_shared_roster.erl
@@ -240,12 +240,10 @@ process_item(RosterItem, Host) ->
 	    %% existing roster groups.
 	    [] ->
 		mod_roster:out_subscription(UserTo, ServerTo,
-					    jid:make(UserFrom, ServerFrom,
-							  <<"">>),
+					    jid:make(UserFrom, ServerFrom),
 					    unsubscribe),
 		mod_roster:in_subscription(false, UserFrom, ServerFrom,
-					   jid:make(UserTo, ServerTo,
-							 <<"">>),
+					   jid:make(UserTo, ServerTo),
 					   unsubscribe, <<"">>),
 		RosterItem#roster{subscription = both, ask = none};
 	    %% If so, it means the user wants to add that contact
@@ -269,8 +267,8 @@ set_new_rosteritems(UserFrom, ServerFrom, UserTo,
     RIFrom = build_roster_record(UserFrom, ServerFrom,
 				 UserTo, ServerTo, NameTo, GroupsFrom),
     set_item(UserFrom, ServerFrom, ResourceTo, RIFrom),
-    JIDTo = jid:make(UserTo, ServerTo, <<"">>),
-    JIDFrom = jid:make(UserFrom, ServerFrom, <<"">>),
+    JIDTo = jid:make(UserTo, ServerTo),
+    JIDFrom = jid:make(UserFrom, ServerFrom),
     RITo = build_roster_record(UserTo, ServerTo, UserFrom,
 			       ServerFrom, UserFrom, []),
     set_item(UserTo, ServerTo, <<"">>, RITo),
@@ -360,7 +358,7 @@ in_subscription(Acc, User, Server, JID, Type,
 out_subscription(UserFrom, ServerFrom, JIDTo,
 		 unsubscribed) ->
     #jid{luser = UserTo, lserver = ServerTo} = JIDTo,
-    JIDFrom = jid:make(UserFrom, ServerFrom, <<"">>),
+    JIDFrom = jid:make(UserFrom, ServerFrom),
     mod_roster:out_subscription(UserTo, ServerTo, JIDFrom,
 				unsubscribe),
     mod_roster:in_subscription(false, UserFrom, ServerFrom,
@@ -1054,7 +1052,7 @@ split_grouphost(Host, Group) ->
     end.
 
 broadcast_subscription(User, Server, ContactJid, Subscription) ->
-    ejabberd_sm:route(jid:make(User, Server, <<"">>),
+    ejabberd_sm:route(jid:make(User, Server),
                       {item, ContactJid, Subscription}).
 
 displayed_groups_update(Members, DisplayedGroups, Subscription) ->
diff --git a/src/mod_shared_roster_sql.erl b/src/mod_shared_roster_sql.erl
index fd815f629..8a32cc385 100644
--- a/src/mod_shared_roster_sql.erl
+++ b/src/mod_shared_roster_sql.erl
@@ -182,9 +182,7 @@ export(_Server) ->
      {sr_user,
       fun(Host, #sr_user{us = {U, S}, group_host = {Group, LServer}})
             when LServer == Host ->
-              SJID = jid:to_string(
-                       jid:tolower(
-                         jid:make(U, S, <<"">>))),
+              SJID = make_jid_s(U, S),
               [?SQL("select @(jid)s from sr_user where jid=%(SJID)s"
                     " and grp=%(Group)s;"),
                ?SQL("insert into sr_user(jid, grp) values ("
@@ -200,6 +198,6 @@ import(_, _, _) ->
 %%% Internal functions
 %%%===================================================================
 make_jid_s(U, S) ->
-    jid:to_string(jid:tolower(jid:make(U, S, <<"">>))).
+    jid:to_string(jid:tolower(jid:make(U, S))).
 
 make_jid_s({U, S}) -> make_jid_s(U, S).