path: root/misc/Howto/files/patch-dns

--- DNS-HOWTO.sgml.orig	Fri Dec 28 22:01:22 2001
+++ DNS-HOWTO.sgml	Fri Dec 28 22:16:43 2001
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!doctype linuxdoc system>
+<!doctype linuxdoc public "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc 1.1//EN">
 <!-- -*-SGML-*- -->
 <article>
 <title>DNS HOWTO <author>Nicolai Langfeldt (<tt/dns-howto(at)langfeldt.net/),
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 <p>Keywords: DNS, BIND, BIND 4, BIND 8, BIND 9, named, dialup, PPP,
 slip, ISDN, Internet, domain, name, resolution, hosts, caching.
 
-<p>This document is part of the Linux Documentation Project.
+<p>This document is part of the Linux Documentation Project (slightly adapted
+for FreeBSD).
 
 <sect1>Legal stuff
 
@@ -88,11 +89,11 @@
 "maps" as the jargon would have it) from name to address and from
 address to name, and some other things.  This HOWTO documents how to
 define such mappings using Unix system, with a few things specific to
-Linux.
+FreeBSD.
 
 <p>A mapping is simply an association between two things, in this case
-a machine name, like <tt/ftp.linux.org/, and the machine's IP number
-(or address) <tt/199.249.150.4/.  DNS also contains mappings the other
+a machine name, like <tt/ftp.freebsd.org/, and the machine's IP number
+(or address) <tt/62.243.72.50/.  DNS also contains mappings the other
 way, from the IP number to the machine name; this is called a "reverse
 mapping".
 
@@ -127,14 +128,15 @@
 
 <p>Name serving on Unix is done by a program called <tt/named/.  This
 is a part of the ``BIND'' package which is coordinated by <em/The
-Internet Software Consortium/.  <tt/Named/ is included in most Linux
-distributions and is usually installed as <tt>/usr/sbin/named</tt>,
+Internet Software Consortium/.  <tt/Named/ is included in all FreeBSD
+distributions and is installed as <tt>/usr/sbin/named</tt>,
+you can get the latest and greatest source from <htmlurl
+url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-stable/src/contrib/bind/"
+name="ftp.freebsd.org:/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-stable/src/contrib/bind/">.
 usually from a package called <tt/BIND/, in upper or lower case
 depending on the whim of the packager.
 
-<p>If you have a named you can probably use it; if you don't have one
-you can get a binary off a Linux ftp site, or get the latest and
-greatest source from <url url="ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/">.  This
+This
 HOWTO is about BIND version 9.  The old versions of the HOWTO, about
 BIND 4 and 8, is still available at <url
 url="http://langfeldt.net/DNS-HOWTO/"> in case you use BIND 4 or 8
@@ -201,9 +203,8 @@
 waiting time the next time significantly, especially if you're on a
 slow connection.
 
-<p>First you need a file called <tt>/etc/named.conf</tt> (Debian:
-<tt>/etc/bind/named.conf</tt>).  This is read when named starts.  For
-now it should simply contain:
+<p>First you need a file called <tt>/etc/namedb/named.conf</tt>.
+This is read when named starts.  For now it should simply contain:
 
 <code>
 // Config file for caching only name server
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@
 // ultimate contents of should be quite similar though.
 
 options {
-	directory "/var/named";
+	directory "/etc/namedb";
 
 	// Uncommenting this might help if you have to go through a
 	// firewall and things are not working out.  But you probably
@@ -236,27 +237,26 @@
 
 zone "." {
         type hint;
-        file "root.hints";
+        file "named.root";
 };
 
 zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
         type master;
-        file "pz/127.0.0";
+        file "localhost.rev";
 };
 </code>
 
-<p>The Linux distribution packages may use different file names for
+<p>The FreeBSD distribution packages may use different file names for
 each kind of file mentioned here; they will still contain about the
 same things.
 
 <p>The `<tt/directory/' line tells named where to look for files.  All
-files named subsequently will be relative to this.  Thus <tt>pz</tt>
-is a directory under <tt>/var/named</tt>, i.e.,
-<tt>/var/named/pz</tt>.  <tt>/var/named</tt> is the right directory
-according to the <em/Linux File system Standard/.
+files named subsequently will be relative to this.
+<tt>/etc/namedb</tt> is the standard directory
+according to the <em>hier(7)</em> manpage.
 
-<p>The file named <tt>/var/named/root.hints</tt> is named in this.
-<tt>/var/named/root.hints</tt> should contain this:
+<p>The file named <tt>/etc/namedb/named.root</tt> is named in this.
+<tt>/etc/namedb/named.root</tt> should contain this:
 <code>
 ;
 ; There might be opening comments here if you already have this file.
@@ -299,18 +299,18 @@
 
 <p>The next section in <tt/named.conf/ is the last <tt/zone/.  I will
 explain its use in a later chapter; for now just make this a file
-named <tt/127.0.0/ in the subdirectory <tt/pz/: (<em/Again, please
-remove leading spaces if you cut and paste this/)
+named <tt/localhost.rev/ in the subdirectory <tt//etc/namedb/:
+(<em/Again, please remove leading spaces if you cut and paste this/)
 
 <code>
 $TTL 3D
-@               IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
+@               IN      SOA     ns.freebsd.bogus. hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. (
 				1       ; Serial
 				8H	; Refresh
 				2H      ; Retry
 				4W	; Expire
 				1D)	; Minimum TTL
-			NS      ns.linux.bogus.
+			NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
 1			PTR	localhost.
 </code>
 
@@ -388,8 +388,7 @@
 you're probably used to <tt/ndc/.  I BIND 9 it has been replaced with
 <tt/rndc/, which can controll your named remotely, but it can't start
 named anymore. If you view your syslog message file (usually called
-<tt>/var/log/messages</tt>, Debian calls it <tt>/var/log/daemon</tt>,
-another directory to look is the other files <tt>/var/log</tt>) while
+<tt>/var/log/messages</tt>) while
 starting named (do <tt>tail -f /var/log/messages</tt>) you should see
 something like:
 
@@ -432,7 +431,7 @@
 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 259200  IN      PTR     localhost.
 
 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.
+0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   259200  IN      NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
 
 ;; Query time: 3 msec
 ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
@@ -474,7 +473,7 @@
 
 <p>This time <tt/dig/ asked your named to look for the machine
 <tt/pat.uio.no/.  It then contacted one of the name server machines
-named in your <tt/root.hints/ file, and asked its way from there.  It
+named in your <tt/named.root/ file, and asked its way from there.  It
 might take tiny while before you get the result as it may need to
 search all the domains you named in <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt>.  
 
@@ -538,7 +537,7 @@
 <p>All OSes implementing the standard C API has the calls
 gethostbyname and gethostbyaddr.  These can get information from
 several different sources.  Which sources it gets it from is
-configured in <tt>/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> on Linux (and some other
+configured in <tt>/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> on FreeBD (and some other
 Unixes).  This is a long file specifying from which file or database
 to get different kinds of data types.  It usually contains helpful
 comments at the top, which you should consider reading.  After that
@@ -746,7 +745,7 @@
 <sect1>Our own domain
 
 <p>Now to define our own domain.  We're going to make the domain
-<tt/linux.bogus/ and define machines in it.  I use a totally bogus
+<tt/freensd.bogus/ and define machines in it.  I use a totally bogus
 domain name to make sure we disturb no-one Out There.
 
 <p>One more thing before we start: Not all characters are allowed in
@@ -761,25 +760,25 @@
 <code>
 zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
 	type master;
-	file "pz/127.0.0";
+	file "localhost.rev";
 };
 </code>
 
 <p>Please note the lack of `<tt/./' at the end of the domain names in
 this file.  This says that now we will define the zone
 <tt/0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/, that we're the master server for it and
-that it is stored in a file called <tt>pz/127.0.0</tt>.  We've already
+that it is stored in a file called <tt>localhost.rev</tt>.  We've already
 set up this file, it reads:
 
 <code>
 $TTL 3D
-@               IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
+@               IN      SOA     ns.freebsd.bogus. hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. (
 				1       ; Serial
 				8H	; Refresh
 				2H      ; Retry
 				4W	; Expire
 				1D)	; Minimum TTL
-			NS      ns.linux.bogus.
+			NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
 1			PTR	localhost.
 </code>
 
@@ -804,11 +803,11 @@
 Saves some typing that.  So the NS line could also be written
 
 <tscreen><verb>
-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.	IN	NS	ns.linux.bogus
+0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.	IN	NS	ns.freebsd.bogus
 </verb></tscreen>
 
 <p>It tells DNS what machine is the name server of the domain
-<tt/0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/, it is <tt/ns.linux.bogus/.  'ns' is a
+<tt/0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/, it is <tt/ns.freebsd.bogus/.  'ns' is a
 customary name for name-servers, but as with web servers who are
 customarily named <tt/www./<em/something/. The name may be anything.
 
@@ -819,8 +818,8 @@
 <p>The SOA record is the preamble to <em/all/ zone files, and there
 should be exactly one in each zone file, at the top (but after the
 <tt/$TTL/ directive).  It describes the zone, where it comes from (a
-machine called <tt/ns.linux.bogus/), who is responsible for its
-contents (<tt/hostmaster@linux.bogus/; you should insert your e-mail
+machine called <tt/ns.freebsd.bogus/), who is responsible for its
+contents (<tt/hostmaster@freebsd.bogus/; you should insert your e-mail
 address here), what version of the zone file this is (serial: 1), and
 other things having to do with caching and secondary DNS servers.  For
 the rest of the fields (refresh, retry, expire and minimum) use the
@@ -844,7 +843,7 @@
 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 259200  IN      PTR     localhost.
 
 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.
+0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   259200  IN      NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
 
 ;; Query time: 3 msec
 ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
@@ -853,31 +852,31 @@
 </verb></tscreen>
 
 <p>So it manages to get <tt/localhost/ from 127.0.0.1, good.  Now for
-our main task, the <tt/linux.bogus/ domain, insert a new 'zone'
+our main task, the <tt/freebsd.bogus/ domain, insert a new 'zone'
 section in <tt/named.conf/:
 
 <code>
-zone "linux.bogus" {
+zone "freebsd.bogus" {
 	type master;
 	notify no;
-	file "pz/linux.bogus";
+	file "pz/freebsd.bogus";
 };
 </code>
 
 <p>Note again the lack of ending `<tt/./' on the domain name in the
 <tt/named.conf/ file.
 
-<p>In the <tt/linux.bogus/ zone file we'll put some totally bogus
+<p>In the <tt/freebsd.bogus/ zone file we'll put some totally bogus
 data:
 
 <code>
 ;
-; Zone file for linux.bogus
+; Zone file for freebsd.bogus
 ;
 ; The full zone file
 ;
 $TTL 3D
-@	IN	SOA	ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
+@	IN	SOA	ns.freebsd.bogus. hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. (
 			199802151	; serial, todays date + todays serial #
 			8H		; refresh, seconds
 			2H		; retry, seconds
@@ -885,7 +884,7 @@
 			1D )		; minimum, seconds
 ;
 		NS	ns		; Inet Address of name server
-		MX	10 mail.linux.bogus	; Primary Mail Exchanger
+		MX	10 mail.freebsd.bogus	; Primary Mail Exchanger
 		MX	20 mail.friend.bogus.	; Secondary Mail Exchanger
 ;
 localhost	A	127.0.0.1
@@ -893,11 +892,11 @@
 mail		A	192.168.196.4
 </code>
 
-<p>Two things must be noted about the SOA record.  <tt/ns.linux.bogus/
+<p>Two things must be noted about the SOA record.  <tt/ns.freebsd.bogus/
 <em/must/ be a actual machine with a A record.  It is not legal to
 have a CNAME record for the machine mentioned in the SOA record.  Its
 name need not be `ns', it could be any legal host name.  Next,
-<tt/hostmaster.linux.bogus/ should be read as hostmaster@linux.bogus.
+<tt/hostmaster.freebsd.bogus/ should be read as hostmaster@freebsd.bogus.
 This should be a mail alias, or a mailbox, where the person(s)
 maintaining DNS should read mail frequently.  Any mail regarding the
 domain will be sent to the address listed here.  The name need not be
@@ -906,7 +905,7 @@
 
 <p>There is one new RR type in this file, the MX, or Mail eXchanger
 RR.  It tells mail systems where to send mail that is addressed to
-<tt/someone@linux.bogus/, namely to <tt/mail.linux.bogus/ or
+<tt/someone@freebsd.bogus/, namely to <tt/mail.freebsd.bogus/ or
 <tt/mail.friend.bogus/.  The number before each machine name is that
 MX RR's priority.  The RR with the lowest number (10) is the one mail
 should be sent to if possible.  If that fails the mail can be sent to
@@ -917,28 +916,28 @@
 with <tt/dig/:
 
 <tscreen><verb>
-$ dig any linux.bogus
-; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> any linux.bogus
+$ dig any freebsd.bogus
+; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> any freebsd.bogus
 ;; global options:  printcmd
 ;; Got answer:
 ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 55239
 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
 
 ;; QUESTION SECTION:
-;linux.bogus.               IN      ANY
+;freebsd.bogus.               IN      ANY
 
 ;; ANSWER SECTION:
-linux.bogus.        259200  IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. \
-      hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
-linux.bogus.        259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.
-linux.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
-linux.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      SOA     ns.freebsd.bogus. \
+      hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
+freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      10 mail.freebsd.bogus.freebsd.bogus.
 
 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
-linux.bogus.        259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
 
 ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
-ns.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2
+ns.freebsd.bogus.     259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2
 
 ;; Query time: 4 msec
 ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
@@ -949,29 +948,29 @@
 <p>Upon careful examination you will discover a bug.  The line
 
 <tscreen><verb>
-linux.bogus.        259200  IN MX        10 mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN MX        10 mail.freebsd.bogus.freebsd.bogus.
 </verb></tscreen>
 
 <p>is all wrong.  It should be
 
 <tscreen><verb>
-linux.bogus.        259200  IN MX        10 mail.linux.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN MX        10 mail.freebsd.bogus.
 </verb></tscreen>
 
 <p>I deliberately made a mistake so you could learn from it :-)
 Looking in the zone file we find this line:
 
 <tscreen><verb>
-		MX	10 mail.linux.bogus	; Primary Mail Exchanger
+		MX	10 mail.freebsd.bogus	; Primary Mail Exchanger
 </verb></tscreen>
 
-<p>It is missing a period.  Or has a 'linux.bogus' too many.  If a
+<p>It is missing a period.  Or has a 'freebsd.bogus' too many.  If a
 machine name does not end in a period in a zone file the origin is
-added to its end causing the double <tt/linux.bogus.linux.bogus/.  So
+added to its end causing the double <tt/freebsd.bogus.freebsd.bogus/.  So
 either
 
 <code>
-		MX	10 mail.linux.bogus.	; Primary Mail Exchanger
+		MX	10 mail.freebsd.bogus.	; Primary Mail Exchanger
 </code>
 
 or
@@ -996,19 +995,19 @@
 
 <code>
 ;
-; Zone file for linux.bogus
+; Zone file for freebsd.bogus
 ;
 ; The full zone file
 ;
 $TTL 3D
-@	IN	SOA	ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
+@	IN	SOA	ns.freebsd.bogus. hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. (
 			199802151	; serial, todays date + todays serial #
 			8H		; refresh, seconds
 			2H		; retry, seconds
 			4W		; expire, seconds
 			1D )		; minimum, seconds
 ;
-		TXT	"Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
+		TXT	"FreeBSD.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
 		NS	ns		; Inet Address of name server
 		NS	ns.friend.bogus.
 		MX	10 mail		; Primary Mail Exchanger
@@ -1059,32 +1058,32 @@
 named to read its files again.
 
 <tscreen><verb>
-$ dig linux.bogus axfr
+$ dig freebsd.bogus axfr
 
-; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> linux.bogus axfr
+; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> freebsd.bogus axfr
 ;; global options:  printcmd
-linux.bogus.            259200  IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
-linux.bogus.            259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.
-linux.bogus.            259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
-linux.bogus.            259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
-donald.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      A       192.168.196.3
-donald.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
-donald.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
-donald.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      TXT     "DEK"
-ftp.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      A       192.168.196.5
-ftp.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
-ftp.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
-gw.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.1
-gw.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      TXT     "The router"
-localhost.linux.bogus.  259200  IN      A       127.0.0.1
-mail.linux.bogus.       259200  IN      A       192.168.196.4
-mail.linux.bogus.       259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
-mail.linux.bogus.       259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
-ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
-ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
-ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2
-www.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      CNAME   ns.linux.bogus.
-linux.bogus.            259200  IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
+freebsd.bogus.            259200  IN      SOA     ns.freebsd.bogus. hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
+freebsd.bogus.            259200  IN      NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.            259200  IN      MX      10 mail.freebsd.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.            259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
+donald.freebsd.bogus.     259200  IN      A       192.168.196.3
+donald.freebsd.bogus.     259200  IN      MX      10 mail.freebsd.bogus.
+donald.freebsd.bogus.     259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
+donald.freebsd.bogus.     259200  IN      TXT     "DEK"
+ftp.freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      A       192.168.196.5
+ftp.freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      10 mail.freebsd.bogus.
+ftp.freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
+gw.freebsd.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.1
+gw.freebsd.bogus.         259200  IN      TXT     "The router"
+localhost.freebsd.bogus.  259200  IN      A       127.0.0.1
+mail.freebsd.bogus.       259200  IN      A       192.168.196.4
+mail.freebsd.bogus.       259200  IN      MX      10 mail.freebsd.bogus.
+mail.freebsd.bogus.       259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
+ns.freebsd.bogus.         259200  IN      MX      10 mail.freebsd.bogus.
+ns.freebsd.bogus.         259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
+ns.freebsd.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2
+www.freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      CNAME   ns.freebsd.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.            259200  IN      SOA     ns.freebsd.bogus. hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
 ;; Query time: 41 msec
 ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
 ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 03:12:31 2001
@@ -1095,23 +1094,23 @@
 Let's check what it says for <tt/www/ alone:
 
 <tscreen><verb>
-$�dig www.linux.bogus
+$�dig www.freebsd.bogus
 
-; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> www.linux.bogus
+; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> www.freebsd.bogus
 ;; global options:  printcmd
 ;; Got answer:
 ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16633
 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
 
 ;; QUESTION SECTION:
-;www.linux.bogus.               IN      A
+;www.freebsd.bogus.               IN      A
 
 ;; ANSWER SECTION:
-www.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      CNAME   ns.linux.bogus.
-ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2
+www.freebsd.bogus.        259200  IN      CNAME   ns.freebsd.bogus.
+ns.freebsd.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2
 
 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
-linux.bogus.            259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.
+freebsd.bogus.            259200  IN      NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
 
 ;; Query time: 5 msec
 ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
@@ -1119,15 +1118,15 @@
 ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 80
 </verb></tscreen>
 
-<p>In other words, the real name of <tt/www.linux.bogus/ is
-<tt/ns.linux.bogus/, and it gives you some of the information it has
+<p>In other words, the real name of <tt/www.freebsd.bogus/ is
+<tt/ns.freebsd.bogus/, and it gives you some of the information it has
 about ns as well, enough to connect to it if you were a program.
 
 <p>Now we're halfway.
 
 <sect1>The reverse zone
 
-<p>Now programs can convert the names in linux.bogus to addresses
+<p>Now programs can convert the names in freebsd.bogus to addresses
 which they can connect to. But also required is a reverse zone, one
 making DNS able to convert from an address to a name. This name is
 used by a lot of servers of different kinds (FTP, IRC, WWW and others)
@@ -1150,19 +1149,19 @@
 
 <code>
 $TTL 3D
-@	IN	SOA	ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
+@	IN	SOA	ns.freebsd.bogus. hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. (
 			199802151 ; Serial, todays date + todays serial
 			8H	; Refresh
 			2H      ; Retry
 			4W	; Expire
 			1D)	; Minimum TTL
-		NS      ns.linux.bogus.
+		NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
 
-1		PTR	gw.linux.bogus.
-2		PTR	ns.linux.bogus.
-3		PTR	donald.linux.bogus.
-4		PTR	mail.linux.bogus.
-5		PTR	ftp.linux.bogus.
+1		PTR	gw.freebsd.bogus.
+2		PTR	ns.freebsd.bogus.
+3		PTR	donald.freebsd.bogus.
+4		PTR	mail.freebsd.bogus.
+5		PTR	ftp.freebsd.bogus.
 </code>
 
 <p>Now you reload your named (<tt/rndc reload/) and examine your
@@ -1178,13 +1177,13 @@
 ;4.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa.    IN      PTR
 
 ;; ANSWER SECTION:
-4.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     mail.linux.bogus.
+4.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     mail.freebsd.bogus.
 
 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
-196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     NS      ns.linux.bogus.
+196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
 
 ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
-ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2
+ns.freebsd.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2
 
 ;; Query time: 4 msec
 ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
@@ -1199,16 +1198,16 @@
 
 ; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> 196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. AXFR
 ;; global options:  printcmd
-196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     SOA     ns.linux.bogus. \
-	hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
-196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     NS      ns.linux.bogus.
-1.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     gw.linux.bogus.
-2.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     ns.linux.bogus.
-3.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     donald.linux.bogus.
-4.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     mail.linux.bogus.
-5.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     ftp.linux.bogus.
-196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     SOA     ns.linux.bogus. \
-	hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
+196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     SOA     ns.freebsd.bogus. \
+	hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
+196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     NS      ns.freebsd.bogus.
+1.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     gw.freebsd.bogus.
+2.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     ns.freebsd.bogus.
+3.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     donald.freebsd.bogus.
+4.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     mail.freebsd.bogus.
+5.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     ftp.freebsd.bogus.
+196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     SOA     ns.freebsd.bogus. \
+	hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
 ;; Query time: 6 msec
 ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
 ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 03:16:58 2001
@@ -1258,7 +1257,7 @@
 read it.  Now.
 
 <p>The reverse zone also needs to be delegated.  If you got the
-<tt/192.168.196/ net with the <tt/linux.bogus/ domain from your
+<tt/192.168.196/ net with the <tt/freebsd.bogus/ domain from your
 provider they need to put <tt/NS/ records in for your reverse zone as
 well as for your forward zone.  If you follow the chain from
 <tt/in-addr.arpa/ and up to your net you will probably find a break in
@@ -1322,9 +1321,9 @@
 master.  You set it up like this:
 
 <code>
-zone "linux.bogus" {
+zone "freebsd.bogus" {
 	type slave;
-	file "sz/linux.bogus";
+	file "sz/freebsd.bogus";
 	masters { 192.168.196.2; };
 };
 </code>
@@ -1333,7 +1332,7 @@
 zone transfer is controlled by your SOA record:
 
 <code>
-@	IN	SOA	ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
+@	IN	SOA	ns.freebsd.bogus. hostmaster.freebsd.bogus. (
 			199802151	; serial, todays date + todays serial #
 			8H		; refresh, seconds
 			2H		; retry, seconds
@@ -1379,7 +1378,7 @@
 adding yourself for debugging purposes:
 
 <code>
-zone "linux.bogus" {
+zone "freebsd.bogus" {
       allow-transfer { 192.168.1.4; localhost; };
 };
 </code>
@@ -1400,7 +1399,7 @@
       allow-query { 192.168.196.0/24; localhost; };
 };
 
-zone "linux.bogus" {
+zone "freebsd.bogus" {
       allow-query { any; };
 };
 
@@ -1456,7 +1455,7 @@
 here differs a bit from what you find if you query LAND-5's name
 servers now.
 
-<sect1>/etc/named.conf (or /var/named/named.conf)
+<sect1>/etc/namedb/named.conf
 
 <p>Here we find master zone sections for the two reverse zones needed:
 the 127.0.0 net, as well as LAND-5's <tt/206.6.177/ subnet, and a
@@ -1468,7 +1467,7 @@
 // Boot file for LAND-5 name server
 
 options {
-	directory "/var/named";
+	directory "/etc/namedb";
 };
 
 controls {
@@ -1505,7 +1504,7 @@
 put ``<tt/notify no;/'' in the zone sections for the two <tt/land-5/
 zones so as to avoid accidents.
 
-<sect1>/var/named/root.hints
+<sect1>/etc/namedbb/named.root
 
 <p>Keep in mind that this file is dynamic, and the one listed here is
 old.  You're better off using a new one as explained earlier.
@@ -1556,7 +1555,7 @@
 ;; MSG SIZE  sent: 17  rcvd: 436
 </code>
 
-<sect1>/var/named/zone/127.0.0
+<sect1>/etc/namedb/zone/127.0.0
 
 <p>Just the basics, the obligatory SOA record, and a record that maps
 127.0.0.1 to <tt/localhost/.  Both are required.  No more should be in
@@ -1581,7 +1580,7 @@
 before, and only version 8.2 of BIND has started to warn about its
 absence.  BIND 9 <em/requires/ the <tt/$TTL/.  
 
-<sect1>/var/named/zone/land-5.com
+<sect1>/etc/namedb/zone/land-5.com
 
 <p>Here we see the mandatory SOA record, the needed NS records.  We
 can see that he has a secondary name server at <tt/ns2.psi.net/.  This
@@ -1672,7 +1671,7 @@
 <p>We also see that <tt/funn.land-5.com/ is an alias for
 <tt/land-5.com/, but using an A record, not a CNAME record.
 
-<sect1>/var/named/zone/206.6.177
+<sect1>/etc/namedb/zone/206.6.177
 
 <p>I'll comment on this file below
 
@@ -1797,10 +1796,10 @@
 
  PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:
  export PATH
- # NOTE: /var/named must be writable only by trusted users or this script 
+ # NOTE: /etc/namedb must be writable only by trusted users or this script 
  # will cause root compromise/denial of service opportunities.
- cd /var/named 2>/dev/null || {
-    echo "Subject: Cannot cd to /var/named, error $?"
+ cd /etc/namedb 2>/dev/null || {
+    echo "Subject: Cannot cd to /etc/namedb, error $?"
     echo
     echo "The subject says it all"
     exit 1
@@ -1849,7 +1848,7 @@
  echo
  echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete."
  echo "The previous root.hints file is now called   
-/var/named/root.hints.old."
+/etc/namedb/named.root"
 ) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t
 exit 0
 </code>
@@ -1912,9 +1911,9 @@
   like this in the named.conf file of your secondary:
 
   <code>
-  zone "linux.bogus" {
+  zone "freebsd.bogus" {
 	type slave;
-	file "sz/linux.bogus";
+	file "freebsd.bogus";
 	masters { 127.0.0.1; };
   };
   </code>
@@ -2082,7 +2081,7 @@
   not recommended.
 
   <item>How can I get a domain? I want to set up my own domain called
-  (for example) <tt/linux-rules.net/.  How can I get the domain I want
+  (for example) <tt/freebsd-rules.net/.  How can I get the domain I want
   assigned to me?
 
   <p>Please contact your network service provider.  They will be able